Botnets PACK.rar
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Botnets PACK.rar
The "underground" forums do more than just give would-be criminals access to a level of service that might make some enterprise software companies look bad. They also act as a sort of hiring hall for people with very specific skills (like hacking webmail accounts) or botnets of their own ready to do a paying customer's bidding. On these barely underground sites, hacker wares are made available to anyone willing to pay. Current versions of Zeus and SpyEye botnet software are for sale, or you can find the last version cracked by someone for cheap or free.
After a number of reports highlighting the shady nature of what McColo was doing, their two US-based internet providers, Global Crossing and Hurricane Electric, pulled the plug on them. Suddenly, a big chunk of these botnets lost their hosting provider, and the spam volume across the world just took a huge drop. Like, suddenly something around 80% of all spam worldwide just stopped. Cosma had already moved some of his servers from McColo, but not all. Google had most of his servers for Cutwail there. This was enough to make both botnets stunned and immobile, but the effect was short-lived. A few days later, McColo reactivated one of their servers in the exact same location where it was before, in San Jose, California. When that server came online, the Rustock botnet came online again, too. But within weeks, that botnet found a new hosting provider. C&C servers were reconfigured to send new sever information to all the bots, and the spamming machines got rolling again. Spam volumes once again began to climb. [MUSIC] By the middle of 2009, pharma e-mail spam was dominating the global spam market. 74% of all spam e-mails were pushing for dodgy online pharmacies. 67% of all that spam was promoting the Canadian Pharmacy brands like Glavmed and SpamIt. That year, spam botnets were sending an average of 150 billion spam messages a day.
Cutwail was riding high again, but it took another big hit in June that year, when again it lost the hosting of its master C&C servers. Another hosting provider based in California was called 3FN, and hacker Google had loads of his servers there, especially after the McColo takedown a year before. 3FN was like a repeat of McColo. It was sort of known for hosting things that were dodgy or crime-ridden, like child pornography websites. The FTC stepped in and shut it down on June 4, 2009. When that happened, there was a noticeable drop in e-mail spams being sent as a result, but nowhere near as big as the one after the McColo takedown. But a few months after that, the Cutwail botnet was back at it and just as strong as ever. The botnets were once again at full steam, but they were also in the crosshairs of some determined people who wanted to take them down. Security analysts, academics, and software companies, and big brand pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer were all getting pretty frustrated with these botnets and rogue pharmacies, because these online pharmacies were selling fake Viagra, which Pfizer made, and at the time, there was no generic available, so Pfizer was losing a bunch of money from these botnets. But by this time, the botnet spamming empire and the Russian affiliate networks were all starting to show cracks in their operations.
Botnets can be composed of almost any number of bots; botnets with tens or hundreds of thousands of nodes have become increasingly common. There may not be an upper limit to their size. Once the botnet is assembled, the attacker can use the traffic generated by the compromised devices to flood the target domain and knock it offline.
IoT botnets are increasingly being used to wage massive DDoS attacks. In 2016, the Mirai botnet was used to attack the domain name service provider Dyn; attack volumes were measured at over 600 gigabits per second. Another late 2016 attack unleashed on OVH, the French hosting firm, peaked at more than 1 terabit per second. Many IoT botnets since Mirai use elem